William Blake Essay Example for Free

William Blake Essay Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience appear to be quite simplistic on first reading. Explain how Blake uses imagery, form and language in these poems, and what their content reveals about the times in which they were written and Blakes beliefs In many of the poems from his Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience collections, William Blake writes, at first sight, somewhat simplistically and often in nursery rhymes about life in the 18th century. However, a disturbing picture of poverty, exploitation, hypocrisy and moral decay emerges from the stories of ordinary people and, in particular, children, some of which is hidden and only becomes apparent when we analyse Blakes imagery and language more closely. William Blake was born in London in 1757 to a poor family. He grew up without a formal education but later studied drawing at a school on the Strand. In the early 1770s, he became a student at the Royal Academy where he studied Arts and then was apprenticed to a famous engraver, James Basire. Even though his engravings were good, he was only moderately successful with his work. However, his English skills were amazing for an autodidact. Historically, he witnessed many different events such as the Industrial Revolution, French Revolution and American Independence, which in turn influenced him, his writing style and his radical Christian and political views. Indeed, this can be seen in his legacy, and he is constantly referring to the struggles of London and its people during the industrial revolution in his poems. The Industrial Revolution was the major shift of technological, socioeconomic and cultural conditions in the late 18th and early 19th century that began in Britain and spread throughout the world. During that time, an economy based on manual labour was replaced by one dominated by industry and the manufacture of and with machinery Blake was well aware of the changes around him and saw them as a change for the worse rather than the better. Child labour increased, the population increased, churches promoted the wrong ideals, and Blake was angry and frustrated. He wanted a different kind of change and could not get it, thus he begun working on his poems most of which have a hidden or subliminal message to them. His first set of poems were published in 1783, entitled Poetical Sketches and was seen by many as an immature set. His second volume of poems were then published in 1789 and were entitled Songs of Innocence. This set contains some of his most famous work and is still read by many. His third set was published in 1793, entitled Songs of Experience, and it includes many poems that have to be seen as the counterparts of those published in 1789, for example the pair The Lamb and The Tyger. The Lamb is from Songs of Innocence and The Tyger is from Songs of Experience. A lamb symbolises innocence because it is pure and white, a colour which is usually associated with heaven and God. For example the alliterative term meek and he is mild, is used this shows that the lamb is vulnerable. Within this poem there are lots of examples of pastoral imagery and repetition with L in Little Lamb shows that he is only small like a baby and has to rely on someone or something else, lamb can also be linked to Jesus the lamb of God. The l sound is a very soft sound and this is why it can be linked back to vulnerability. The Tyger in the poem Tyger represents evil and the damage that the industrial revolution was causing at the time. In the very first line of the poem it says burning bright, this represents the fire inside the belly of the industries; the effect of the harsh sounding alliteration of these two words is that it makes the reader feel very fearful at the fact that the industrialisation is becoming stronger and stronger. These two poems are different because they use different symbolisms; The Lamb poem uses symbolism linking to innocence and pastoral imagery of streams and meads in the countryside, whilst The Tyger poem uses symbolisms of a strong and scary creature that symbolises the industrial towns that crush things that get in their way, for example What the hammer? What the chain, In what furnace of thy brain? shows materials that would have been used during the industrial revolution. These two poems both have different structures as well because The Lamb has two stanzas and The Tyger has five stanzas, the effect that this has is that it makes the Tyger poem seems longer and not as connected as the Lamb poem. These two poems are similar in the way that they both seem to be asking a lot of questions, although The Lamb does not have any question marks you can still make out questions that are asked, for example Dost thou know who made thee. The Tyger asks a lot more questions and you can pick them out because they are punctuated which makes them stand out more, also a major difference is that the questions in The Lamb are answered, whereas the ones in The Tyger are not and the effect that this creates is one of doubt because you do not know what the answers are. These poems illustrate that during the time that Blake lived there was an industrial revolution and the countryside, the meek and mild lamb was being destroyed by this fearsome Tyger (the industrial revolution) I will now focus on the two poems The Chimney Sweeper one of which is from the book the Songs of Innocence and the other from the Songs of Experience. In the Songs of Innocence book the poem called The Chimney Sweeper, explores the life of a young child, a chimney sweeper and also contains pastoral imagery that is similar to those used in The Lamb for example Bright key and wash in a river and shine in the Sun which create an effect of purity and peacefulness in the world. Similarly to The Lamb, a child is used by the poet in order to establish a sense of innocence with the reader, this can be identified when the narrator says I was very young and the fact that the boy is a chimney sweeper. This effect of a child as a narrator is that it can be used as a sign of innocence. The mood and tone of the poem is then helped, which evokes sympathy from the reader and reveals how faith is restored into the child through God. The positive mood and tone of the poem is created by help from the pastoral and bright imagery. In the Chimney Sweeper religion is portrayed in a positive light and Blake shows this through the dream of a chimney sweeper. In the dream, an Angel who had a bright key, And he opend the coffins set them all free; which was Blake trying to express that new life is given to people and that if you follow Gods rules, you will be happy in your afterlife no matter how miserable your current life is. He also gives more pastoral imagery of a green plain which is less industrial and more natural. In addition, in The Chimney Sweeper religion is degraded as the narrator, who has had experience now, blames the God his Priest King for his misfortunes, as well as his parents. Darker imagery and language is now used by Blake such as little black thing among the snow to describe the children, showing how a once pure and innocent child can be turned into the opposite through experience and society. The narrator then reflects upon how harsh the times were for him as a child by revealing They clothed me in the clothes of death which means he was left for death by his parents. Religious hypocrisy was one aspect Blake was strongly against, this was the idea that the Church was trying to tell people the right thing to do, but in fact were doing the exact opposite by neglecting the children and imposing fear into people using God. The Chimney Sweeper has six quatrains but the sentences are shorter in comparison to Holy Thursday. The poem also has rhyming couplets and this continues the song-like rhythm that Blake creates in his Songs of Innocence poems. The speaker is a young boy, a chimney sweeper, and the poem is written from his point of view. By having the young boy as the speaker it allows Blake to evoke pity from the reader and allows Blake to describe how life was for a young chimney sweeper through a first-person perspective. Similarly to the two sweeper poems, there is another set of poems that carries the same tile, Holy Thursday and, thus refers to the Thursday before Easter, the day of the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles. The Holy Thursday included in the Songs of Innocence consists of much longer lines than the other poems and could almost be described as a narrative poem. The tone and rhythm however is similar to all of those previously featured in the Songs of Innocence section like a nursery rhyme. The first stanza opens positively and cheerfully, with children attending a service, their innocent faces clean. This once again reminds us of the childrens innocence and how they can still get close to God, in particular when Blake later likens them to lambs again. However, we somehow also get an image of happy children who have made an effort to be clean for their church visit and/or whose faces are not stained yet by the loss of innocence, and the colours of their clothes, red blue green, also sound cheerful. However, the colour imagery continues and we soon realise that the children have only been dressed up for church because they are chimney sweeper groups following their Grey- headed beadles. In contrast to the children who are unlikely to even grow up, they have had the chance to grow old. The reference to the colour white in the simile with wands as white as snow is ironic. While white usually stands for innocence, we know that wands are a symbol of oppression and control, and the snow might well represent the coldness of the beadles hearts. Once again, the children are depersonalised in the simile they like Thames waters flow into the church. There are multitudes and Thousands of them, and there is no room to pay them individual attention. However, Blake also describes them as the flowers of London, perhaps ironically to remind us that we should allow children to bloom and that flowers are usually growing and beautiful, in contrast to the children who will die early. In addition, when the whole experience seems rather regimented because the children have to walk in two two and sit in companies. It almost is an image of military discipline. It is highly ironic when Blake describes the beadles as the childrens wise guardians, when any wisdom they may have gained is only used to oppress the children and their actions overall show everything but wisdom. The strength of the childrens voices is shown when Blake describes their voices as a mighty wind they raise to heaven. Metaphorically, wind can blow bad things away, and perhaps the children could change society if given the chance. They certainly seem to have the energy and drive. Blake also uses a biblical reference in the last line of the poem, Then cherish pity, lets you drive an angel from your door. This is a reference to Hebrews 13:2, Be not forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares. This powerful quote implies that we must be good to our fellow man as they may have just been sent by God to test us. Thus, the innocent children should of course be treated particularly well. I will now focus finally on one of his most famous poems London from the Songs of Experience. The whole of the poem shows William Blakes view of London during the 18th Century, he describes the oppression inflicted on the civilians both by themselves and by others. Blakes attitude to society, as he describes it in his poem London, shows London to be controlled by bureaucratic laws. This is shown by the mentioning of charterd streets, charters were given to people who were richer or more powerful than most and it allowed them to control the streets of London. Blake also mentions the Thames at this point to emphasise the extremity of the control by saying the charterd Thames, obviously it is ridiculous attempt to control the river. Blake puts a large emphasis onto the depair affecting everyone by the repetition of every there is also an exaggeration of of the negative feeling by the repetition of cry. In the third stanza Blake places some of the responsibility onto the church, the church is metaphorically described as blakening to represent the guilt. There is also a juxtaposition in this line, appalls is exaggerating the blame of the church as well as meaning goes pale which is a juxtaposition with blackening. Blake also connects the chimney-sweeper with the church because they are often in need of the churchs help but are oftened turned away, this is why the blakening church also represents the smoke and soot. During this time many feared a revolution as one had occured recently in France, it is obvious that Blake also feared a revolution as he mentions the hapless soldiers blood running down the palace walls this shows he believes that if the unhappiness of the soldiers is continually ignored by those running the country a revolution is inevatable. The final stanza concentrates on marriage and new-life, both of which should bring happeness, instead Blake sees new-life as just continueing the cycle of the corruption, and he critisises the reasons for marriage, believing that many marry for convenience rather than marrying for love. Blake also critisises the youthful harlot and uses the word plaugue to suggest STDs which will be contracted and passed on. Blake uses immagery to put across his view, with the main idea being the constraint and lack of freedom for everyone within London. The poems from Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience have more meaning than the reader might first imagine due to mainly the events that were surrounding their author William Blake at the time of their writing. By the harsh reality of London at that time Blake incorporates the Chimney sweeps, Charity schools, London in general and the industrial revolution into his poems. He does not openly state what each poem is about but within in writing we can pick up on ideas and themes that influenced him to write these poems. While reading these poems people pick up on the things happening at the time due to the detail in which they are described in poetry. These poems are not just poems, they are more like Blakes autobiography on his life through the form of media he liked best, poetry.

Essay on Relationships in Antony and Cleopatra -- Antony Cleopatra Ess

Destructive Power Relationships in Antony and Cleopatra  Ã‚   Antony and Cleopatra's â€Å"love† is not really about love at all.   Their interaction can only be considered a sort of immature lust-power relationship. Their relationship is shallow, self-centered, irresponsible and destructive. Their attraction for each other centers around infatuation and a sort of egoistic rush that they are more important than the world.   Just as a man or woman of today may attempt to control the desires of his or her intended, Cleopatra wants to manipulate Antony into wanting her: Cleopatra. See where he is, who's with him, what he does: I did not send you: if you find him sad, Say I am dancing; if in mirth, report That I am sudden sick. Quick, and return. Romeo and Juliet's relationship was sweet and beyond life. Cleopatra and Antony's relationship is a very worldly one (we do not even know if Cleopatra "applied the asp" because she wanted to be with Antony in death or if she simply could not stand being left with Caesar in life). G.W. Knight of the Aesthetic school of critics says of Cleopatra that she is "a metaphysical, not moral, good--a good of totality. She is good in the same large way one might say life is good, or the universe is good, not because it contains no suffering or bad times, but because from restropect even these experiences are worth having. Her perfection flowers from totality, not exclusion." You end up liking Cleopatra in this play because she is so robust and sensual and unpredicable and capable of so many strong emotions. Here she bursts out at the messager after he reported that Antony had married: Cleopatra. What say you? Hence, Horrible villain! or I'll spurn thine eyes Like balls before me; I'll ... ...and the first stone Drop in my neck: as it determines, so Dissolve my life! the next Caesarion smite! Till by degreees the memory of my womb, Together with my brave Egyptians all, By the discandying of this pelleted storm Lie graveless, till the flies and gnats of Nile Have buried them for prey! The hand of death hath raught him. . . . let Patient Octavia plough thy visage up With her preparà ©d nails. . . . fill our bowls once more: Let's mock the midnight bell. A 1759 quote about a performance of this play stated that it "did not seem to give ye Audience any great pleasure or draw any applause." I can imagine that. It is not one of the best of Shakespeare's plays, but it does give you a fair share of history, tragedy, and poetry. I think this play would be perfect for a more modern reinterpretation analyzing destructive power relationships.

Thoughts and Feelings ‘on the Grasshopper and the Cricket’

What are your thoughts and feelings about the poem â€Å"On The Grasshopper and The Cricket†? In the poem ‘On The Grasshopper and The Cricket’ by John Keats, the poet seems at a first glance to just to be describing a grasshopper and a cricket and how they inhabit a garden and the kitchen of a home respectively. However, once we understand the poem, it is not so straightforward. In the second to the sixth lines of the poem, it shows how carefree the life of a grasshopper is in the â€Å"summer luxury† as opposed to the cricket in the â€Å"lone winter†. As it is mentioned that the grasshopper hops ‘from hedge to hedge about a new-mown mead’, we know that it is probably in a garden where it does not have to worry. It also gives us a young and lively feel to the poem because it shows that all the grasshopper does the entire day is play among the hedges and live a luxurious life. In the sixth and seventh lines, it is shown that the grasshopper is never bored because in this case, the grasshopper himself is capable of having his â€Å"delights† and â€Å"fun† with minimal effort and is able to rest if it feels tired beneath some â€Å"pleasant weed†. It's so hot that the usually chirpy and active birds have taken shelter amongst the shady trees and the whole countryside seems to be quiet, but just then one can hear the ever active grasshopper chirping away merrily in the hedges. We also know that there are birds in the garden as said in the second line â€Å"when birds are faint with hot sun† so it is believed that the grasshopper is never lonely because there are other animals around. Similarly, when one is cozily sheltered in the comfort of his home in front of a warm stove from the cold, frosty winter and is beginning to feel lonely, an atmosphere of silence and loneliness prevails. However, the silence is shattered by the shrill chirpings of the cricket and this silence, which was forced by the cold, is gently calmed by the cricket’s song. But even then the poetry of earth continues without a break. In a way, the grasshopper can be seen as selfish because when it plays among the hedges and freshly cut grass, it does not do anything else that implies that it is helping anyone other than itself. On the other hand, the cricket is seen to be somewhat of a good friend to those who are lonely on winter nights as it breaks the silence that was forced by the cold winter. The grasshopper could be compared to a young person who is usually carefree and does not worry much. In comparison, the cricket could represent someone in his or her old age who is there for people when they are in need or are lonely.

Input Transformation Output Mode - 2887 Words

Concepts of Managing Operations Lesson 1: Operations function evolution of POM Learning Objectives After reading this lesson you will be able to understand ââ€" ª Operations system in manufacturing and service organizations ââ€" ª Conversion process ââ€" ª Historical evolution of POM I welcome you all and hope you have an eminently enjoyable and enriching experience. With that, I seek your permission to get on with the proceedings. Here we go. An Overview To put the things in the right perspective, let me start by giving you an overview ( the shape things to come. At the onset of the 1980s, while Japan s productivity continued its healthy surge the leaders business and†¦show more content†¦o.k. then. Let s define Random fluctuations. What are these? Any ideas? It is unplanned or uncontrollable environmental influences. What do they do? It causes planned and actual output to differ. It creates a bit of problem. Does not it? Moving over to outputs. Tell me the produce of a farm. Outputs of farm are easy to comprehend i.e. Grain Meat products While in others it is .a service (insurance, health care for the, elderly) what do such diverse organization Taken in this context, the operations system (function) of an organization is the part that produces the organization s products. In some organizations the product is a physical good (refrigerators, breakfast cereal), while in others it is a service (insurance, health care for the elderly). On the other hand, ââ€" ª Can you guess the pertinent aspects of Service-oriented businesses such as say, a dental health clinic? There is a custom-tailored conversion. Inputs would be the unique combination of: Tools Chemicals Customer situations Professional skills. What would be the output? Obviously, optimal dental care for the patient. 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Vanessa Johnson A Middle Age Adult - 861 Words

Vanessa Johnson was born on August 11, 1957 in New Orlands, Lousiana. She will soon turn 60 years old and will become part of the older adult group. Vanessa is an African American and she is daughter of Eula and Charles Nucholson. Vanessa got married two times with the same person. She married Mr. X for 2 years, got divorced and stayed alone for three years finally she got married again with him and still is. Vanessa has been married for 14 years with Mr. X and are currently living together. She has three daughters and two step sons. As I ask Vanessa about her understanding of her status as a middle-aged adult she states the following: â€Å"The bible tells us that the older women are to teach the younger women and because of that I am to seek for the advice of an older women than me.† As a middle-age adult, Vanessa has experience advice from older women than her and she has tried to help younger women by giving them her own advice. Vanessa believes that at her age she has experienced many things and if she shares her experience with younger women, they will be able to learn from her. Some benchmarks that she shares with other individuals like her is that she has lived a really active life and during this time of life they begin to get grandchildren. Something that she has experienced at this age, but that is non-normative is that she had 6 to 8 major moves within the last 14 years. However, she states that this is because â€Å"the Lord wanted me in different places.† VanessaShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal5106 Words   |  21 PagesON MALE AND FEMALE CHILDREN AGES 4-11 What Are the Effects of Domestic Violence on Male and Female Children ages 4-11? Candace Williams University of South Carolina Counseling Education Graduate Program Introduction Purpose The purpose of this research proposal is to identify the specific differences in the effects of domestic violence in male and female children ages 4-11. Justification of Proposed Research Child exposure to adult domestic violence and its effectsRead MoreHolistic Approach14986 Words   |  60 Pagesclasses, you presently offer clients countless opportunities to improve physical health. That being said, you may want to consider offering additional services, such as post rehabilitation programs and regular screenings. For example, the Robert Wood Johnson Hamilton Center for Health amp; Wellness, located in Mercerville, New Jersey, offers rehabilitation services, a staff of nurse educators, a health library with computer access and a healthy-cooking kitchen . Screenings are also essential in the preventionRead MoreLeadership Development42674 Words   |  171 Pagesprivate and not-for-profit sectors, organisations of very different sizes, different industrial sectors. It is known that management and leadership is, or could be, carried out by many different kinds of people in terms of diversity categories like age, ethnicity and gender. It is also known that people are involved in management and leadership at different career stages and come to it from differing occupational and educational backgrounds. An extension of the how question 6 concerns the formsRead MoreSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 Pagescom. According to the CDC, the Salmonella infection is â€Å"usually diagnosed by [a] culture of a stool sample.† The sickness ranges from four to seven days. Salmonella can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children and weak or older adults. If affected, symptoms range from fever, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. If not treated the disease can also spread from â€Å"the intestines to the bloodstream and then to other body sites and cause death.† Sophomore Keith Baloran announces theRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesworkers and the legal issues associated with their use. Demographics and Diversity The U.S. workforce has been changing dramatically. It is more diverse racially, women are in the labor force in much greater numbers than ever before, and the average age of the workforce is now considerably older than before. As a result of these demographic shifts, HR management in organizations has had to adapt to a more varied labor force both externally and internally. The three most prominent dimensions of the

Surrogacy And The Adoption Of The Surrogate - 1648 Words

Q1) As a doctor how would you deconstruct the concept of surrogacy for our readers who may want to go in for the option? Please elucidate with two different types of surrogacy etc A1) Surrogacy is a process in which a woman carries and delivers a baby for someone else because of some problems involving the intended parents. The women who delivers is the gestational surrogate or carrier. The parents are called as â€Å"intended parents†. They are fully involved in the pregnancy, present at birth and become the child s parents after its birth. There are two types of surrogacy 1. Gestational surrogacy- The baby here is not genetically related to the surrogate. Eggs come from intended mother and sperm from intended father. Sometimes donor eggs,†¦show more content†¦When would you suggest a couple to opt for surrogacy? A2.) Surrogacy is an arrangement when a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another couple who will become the newborn’s parents after birth of the baby. 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Internet Technology and Internet Security

Question: Describe about the Internet Technology and Internet Security ? Answer: Report Layout Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Outline of the thesis As the internet technology is rising in a very fast way and with this speed of rising of internet the internet devices is also get affected through viruses, worms, Trojan, etc on a rapid way so the internet security is now a days become very important. Internet Security (Kirkby, 2001) is one of the parts of the very vast issue of computer security which is related to the internet. It in most of the cases contains the browser security which is applied to protect the computer systems and data while browsing from the viruses which attacks online and also involves the network security which provides the unauthorized access of data from network . ('Internet Safety', 2009) Through internet security we can protect the devices from the unauthorized access, hacking (Lee, 2014) and most importantly from viruses and for this we take some major steps as like as antivirus, firewalls, limited uses of JavaScript, etc. This report will be analyzing all about that internet security which includes how it causes the ill-effect and also what to take the major steps to reduce these attacks and to keep it safe for the users(Westra, 2002). 1.2 Problem Statement With this increase of the internet usage, various problems are arising regarding the security and the protection. In this report, it will be discussed about why and how of the problem and also what the necessity steps to take to control this kind of attacks on the daily basis. 1.3 Research Questions Why having the internet security is important? How the internet can be secured and what are the best possible ways? What are the main reasons for which we have to maintain the security of internet? 1.4 Structure of the report 1st Chapter: Introduction: In this part the introduction of the internet security and the problems regarding with this and the measure of the protection which should be taken are discussed in a brief structure so that it can give the brief overview of the whole study which will be done later on. 2nd Chapter: Literature Review: This chapter is discussed about the theories and the concepts which are used to understand the topic in a detailed manner and the critical issues are also described in an elaborate way. This also includes the advantages and the disadvantages of the topic which are discussed and also the requirement of the internet security and the necessity steps which are required to follow are also described. 3nd Chapter: Research Methodology: In this chapter, the collection of data, research approach which will be used, design, philosophy which helped in the analysis of the topic is discussed in a procedural way and also gives the brief description of these methods which will be used to carry the analysis of the study (Velasco, Herrero Prieto, 2014). 4th Chapter: Results and Findings: This chapter deals with the results and the findings of the data which are collected and analyzed on the previous chapter and which will help to understand the topic in a better manner according the more practical users response. 5th Chapter: Discussion and Analysis: The collected data and the findings which we get from the previous chapter are discussed and analyzed through the various techniques and charts so that it will help in a better way to gain the sufficient quantitative knowledge regarding the topic (Gionis, 2013). 6th Chapter: Conclusion: Now days internet security becomes the most essential part and this chapter tells about the summary of those chapters which are already discussed earlier in which the topic is tried to be researched. In this part we also get to know the ultimate outcome which I get form the above discuss (Merkow Breithaupt, 2000). Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction About 10 years ago, the internet was only the topic about which it was only talked about. It was a vast source which gives the information but the accessing users were less in number. But in todays life the internet becomes the vital part of our lives through which we can remain connect throughout whole world in a very easy way ('Firewall for always on connections', 2000). Through internet we can also do most of the work just of as access our bank account, paying of bills and taxes and to send mail to others. But as we all know that everything which has well sides and also has the bad sides. As the good side is discussed above and in bad sides it allows the harmful threats to attack our computers. So the internet security is become a very important issues ('Internet Safety', 2009). This part will deals with the types of internet threats, security, protection etc through which we can secure the internet (Householder, Houle Dougherty, 2002) . 2.2 Internet Security and Internet Safety Internet security (Merkow Breithaupt, 2000)and internet safety ('Internet Safety', 2009) is mostly two related terms which discuss and tells about the same thing in a different manner in more detailed manner. Internet safety deals with the ideas how to increase the safety of the users personal data. Some common threats regarding internet safety includes spam, phishing, cyber stalking, malware ('Internet Safety', 2009) etc. As argued by Stephenson (2004), internet security is the big issues in these days of modern technologies. There are majority of people who passed most of time in internet in order to access illegal information from the computer user. Cyber crime is one of the most popular name and hacking methodology in internet security area. In order to make safe in internet technology are, implementation of anti-virus software, firewall activation in computer system, etc. On the other sides, internet security deals with both the network security and the browser security. So to avoid the attacks of the threats and the redundancy of data loss both the internet security and internet safety is needed to be maintained (Kirkby, 2001). 2.3 Types of Internet attacks Virus attack Viruses is actually a malware program which is coded in such a way that it can automatically install mainly through the internet and also increased by a number through the every access of the file. It replicates in such a way and in such a rapid manner that in short span of time it acquires most of the spaces of the hard disk which results to the crash of the hard disk and sometimes also results in the deletion of the important documents from the hard disk. Virus is actually a man-made program which is made by coding a computer program and then distributed it to the internet by attaching to the other files. Viruses attack can be of two types- parasitic and boot. In parasitic attack the virus replicates in number and acquire the hard disk space on the other hand in boot attack the virus directly affects the booting system of the computer. Some of the examples of the virus are concept virus, Melissa virus, etc (Stephenson, 2004). In order to protect virus attack in comput er system, user has to install antivirus software with up to date version. Worm attack Worm is a self-sufficient malware program which also of viruses automatically without the host files and spread through the internet. It attacks the computer in such a way that it copies the computer important file without the notice of the user through the internet which results the failure in case of security. They mainly attack the bandwidth of the network more than the corruption of the file. It has the capability to penetrate the firewall and most of the internet security and then crash the windows Operating System fully which results to failure of the full system. Some of the examples of the strong computer worm which affects the systems are Jerusalem which is also known as black box, Michelangelo, storm worm etc (Stephenson, 2004). Trojan attack Trojan are also malicious in nature which claims to be useful in nature and acquires the users permission to access but actually the virus which deletes, copies, blocks, modify the data itself and also change the format of the data in its own manner as it gets the full control of the computer. Trojan cannot replicate by their own but behave in such a way that users itself give the permission to access and they cannot understand also what type destruction it already causes to the computers system. Some of the notable Trojan horses are Zero Access, Beast, and Zesus etc (Boyle, 2001) . Spyware attack and Adware attack Spyware is also one type viruses which allow the hackers to consume the users personal information such as password and other important information without the users knowledge. This type of viruses are linked with the download sites and when the user open this sites to download something this virus automatically installed to the users computer and acquire the information. Some of the examples of the computer spyware are try media, nuvens and live PC care, etc (Householder, Houle Dougherty, 2002) . On other hand, adware is also the application program which runs through the advertisement package when some of the program is running (Householder, Houle Dougherty, 2002). This type of viruses is also known as freeware. One of the perfect examples of the adware is Desk Ad. 2.4 Requirement of Internet Security Internet security in now days is one of the most important requirement of the computer users and have the security of the internet from the threats. The technology and the internet advancement are growing now days in such a rapid way that also the attacks of the threats are also increasing in a competitive manner of the advancement of the internet (Kirkby, 2001). So to develop the protection of the viruses of the computers, laptops, mobile phones from the malware, threats, viruses, Trojan horse etc we have to secure the internet first. To avoid the redundancy and the leakage of the data from the computer the internet security is essential. If there is no security there is the high chance of the corruption of the software, hard disk and also the misuse of the data through the internet by hacking (Basu, 2010). The safest method to provide the internet security is to install good powerful security software which immediately removes the virus from the computer and identify the damaged fi les and software so that it can immediately be scanned and remove from the computer and also tell if any intruders are trying to harm and changes to the computer (Kirkby, 2001). 2.5 Ways of Internet Security As the internet attacks are increasing in a rapid manner so to neutralize the attack of the internet threat the advancement of the internet security are also increasing which are discussed below- Usage of the Email security- Email security is known as electronic privacy which prevents the email form the unauthorized access and also the automatic download of the attachment of the email which sometimes may also be the viruses and also protect from the spam download, the email data leakage and also saves the bandwidth costs and also limit the usage of the JavaScript in the web browser. Email security (Sunner, 2005) also helps to avoid the junk folder and also provide the authenticity of the recipients and the senders and also scan the attachments prior to the downloading (Sunner, 2005) . Encryption Encryption is actually the encoding of the data and information in such a manner that only the users who are authorized to do that can decode or read the messages. This type is also one of the process through which we can prevent the users computer from the internet attack. The encrypted text is known as cipher text (Sree Vivek, 2012) . In encryption there are two types where one is asymmetric encryption which is also known as public-key encryption and another is symmetric encryption ('Simple Steps to Data Encryption', 2013) . Firewalls Firewall ('Firewall for always on connections', 2000) is the other method to secure the internet from the attacks of the threats. It actually detects and prevents the unauthorized access from the network. It is also a computer software program which is actually acts as wall between the internet world and the computer. In it some of the basic rules are set which are follows to all the incoming and the outgoing data to and from the computer ('Firewall protects home PCs', 2000) . Secured web browsing The tendency of browsing of the internet user is the most common thing and through browsing many of the viruses attacks the users computer without the users acknowledge (Fourie Bothma, 2007). So to prevent the computer from this attack we can enable the browser security from the settings of the browser and also deactivate the tracking of the IP addresses of the sites so that the virus and the worm attack are reduced through which we can do the safer internet surfing ('Web security under threat', 2011) . 2.6 Summary In the above section the different types of the internet attacks and the different ways how to protect the computer from these attacks are introduced and explained and also how to secure the internet. In short, the necessity of the internet security is described and also tells about the better knowledge of the internet security and how to improve and up to date the internet security(Kirkby, 2001). Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction Research methodology is the way by which we can draw the effective business decision from the collected information and data (Velasco, Herrero Prieto, 2014) . In research methodology the surveys, interviews and many other techniques which will be helpful for doing the research are introduced. It also helps in better understanding and undertaking the methods which will be helpful for completing the project in a better way (anon, 2012) . 3.2 Research Design In one word research design is also known as the blue print of the study. Research design is of three types as- exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. In this study the researcher select the descriptive type of research designing. In descriptive research design, the whole phenomenon is being analyzed and the results are discussed on the basis statistical measure. The observation, survey and also many other types of analyze are included in this descriptive type of design (anon, 2012) . 3.3 Data collection Methods Actually data are mainly of two types. First is primary data which is collected through surveys, observations, questionnaire and the direct contact with the respondent etc. this type of data are actually needed for the descriptive analysis of data and there are another types of data which is secondary data which is already some other reports where the collected data are also been analyzed and the source of this types of data are generally the reports, journals and magazines, etc(McGee, 2007). 3.4 Hypothesis To carry this research in a successful manner some of the 140 internet users are considered and their security problems are studied in a elaborate way. Among them 60 of the users responded which helps the researcher to carry out the study and to reach in an effective conclusion. 3.5 Summary In this chapter we discussed whole above the research design, collection of data methods and the hypothesis through which we can elaborate the collected data and discuss with the help of the step by step approach of research methodology which will be useful to the researcher and also tell in short about the research methodology (anon, 2012). Chapter4: Results and Findings 4.1 Introduction Through this chapter we deal with the collected data and also analyze the data which will help in the better understanding of the topic internet security. The collected data will be used and analyzed in an elaborate way to get the better understanding of the research work. 4.2 Quantitative Analysis (For Users) 1. For how long do you use internet? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % 1-2 years 6 60 15% 3-5 years 20 60 50% 6-10 years 10 60 25% 11-15 years 14 60 35% More than 15 years 10 60 25% Table 1: Users usage of internet Figure 1: Users usage of internet This is seen that 15% of the users use the internet for 1-2 years, 50% of the users uses for 3-5 years, 25% for 6-10 years, 35% for 11-15 years, and for more than 15 years only 25% of the users use it. 2. What are the devices you use for internet? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response% Computers 20 60 50% Laptops 15 60 37.5% Tablets 10 60 25% Phones 15 60 37.5% Table 2: Devices where internet are used Figure 2: Devices where internet are used 50% of the total users use the internet from the computers, 37.5% are uses from the laptops, 25% of total uses from the tablets and through phones 37.5% are using internet. 3. How much you are concerned about the internet security? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response % Most likely 20 60 50 Likely 15 60 37.5 Neutral 10 60 25 Less 7 60 17.5 Very less 8 60 20 Table 3: Concern about the internet security Figure 3: Concern about internet security From whole 50% and 37.5% of the users are most likely and likely concerned about the internet security, 25% of them are neutral and at the end 17.5% and 20% less and very much less about the internet. Chapter 5: Discussion 1. It is noticed that more numbers of the users using the internet about 6-10 years and now days the usage of internet increased in rapid rate and also get very much popular because now everything is getting possible through the internet connection. 2. Most of the users are accessing the internet from their phones and laptops since these two devices are very much comfortable among the users and they can access the internet from anywhere as it is easy to accommodate in every situation. 3. As the hacking, virus attacks are increasing in rapid rate in todays date, the internet users are also getting concerned about the security of the internet usage and they are also taking the important steps to avoid the internet attack and to keep safe. Chapter 6: Conclusion All through this research, it is become cleared that internet security is one of the rising concern for the internet users. It is needed to protect the data and information of the users so that the leakage and the corruption of the users personal information are avoided. So the rate of protection from the internet threats is also increasing to maintain the speed of the increasing number of the internet attack. Reflective Report According to my study, the internet security is one of the most important issues of concern of todays world. As now every things are becoming computerized through the internet so generally the usage of the internet is also increasing in a rapid pace. With this increase of internet usage the threats attacks are also increased and to safe the computer system from this type of threat attack the internet security is introduced. As I go through the different types of journals and magazines it shows how hackers use the different types of internet hacking through which they can access the users personal information and also corrupt the hard disk of the computers and also introduced the dangerous malicious viruses. This type of internet hacking and the breaking down of the security of the internet is done with the help of the viruses, Trojan horse, malware, adware etc through web browsing, email, CDs, DVDs or external hard disks. I also noticed that the viruses also attacks the computer in w hich it replicates in number and destroy the space of the computers memory, also tracks the IP address or the Email address of the users through which they can also leak the important mail of the users. Since, with the advancement of the internet technology and the internet usage, the issues of the security of the computer systems are also increased in a considerable rate. After this whole study I have learned that the internet security is not be so easy and also cannot be reduced in a full manner. But then also we take some of the measure so that we can reduce the rate of the attack of the viruses by using firewalls, encryption of data, securing web browsing and secure emailing. Through the encryption and the decryption method of data, only users who are sending the data and to whom they are sending are only can accessed which decrease the redundancy, misuse or loss of the data. Through the firewall we can also check all the data which are going from the computer and also the data which are coming to computer. And through secured email process and secured web browsing method, the rate of getting effected of the computer system will be reduced in some extent. For getting the successful outcomes from this research work, I prepared a questionnaire for all the internet user about their experience of the internet. I distributed this questionnaire among the 150 users among them 60 of the users are responded. Through this, I concluded that that maximum of the users are comfortable with the internet usage and also very much concerned about the internet security. I also noticed that the users are also take the suitable steps to control the data redundancy which helps in data security and also maintain the data integration. Reference List anon,. (2012). Research-on-Research: Research-on-Research Reports.Research-Technology Management,55(6). doi:10.5437/08956308x5506906 Basu, C. (2010). Internet Safety.Journal Of Information Privacy And Security,6(3), 74-75. doi:10.1080/15536548.2010.10855895 Boyle, M. (2001). 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